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The World Wide Web as it is currently constituted resembles a poorly mapped geography. Our insight into the documents and capabilities available are based on keyword searches, abetted by clever use of document connectivity and usage patterns. The sheer mass of this data is unmanageable without powerful tool support. In order to map this terrain more precisely, computational agents require machine-readable descriptions of the content and capabilities of Web accessible resources. These descriptions must be in addition to the human-readable versions of that information.
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Robust Server for Scalable Ontology Reasoning
Racer handles large Aboxes in combination with large and expressive Tboxes. It provides highly optimized standard and non-standard inference services for sophisticated ontology applications. Racer offers much more than OWL by supporting rules, constraint reasoning, and expressive query answering (e.g., in SPARQL syntax). The Racer query language nRQL (new Racer Query Language, pronounce: niracle and hear as miracle) offers grounded conjunctive queries with head projection operators, negation as failure, aggregation operators, and server-side processing of query results (e.g., XML generation) Data persistency is provided by referring to AllegroGraph, an extremely fast triple store providing access to billions of triples.
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Simple Knowledge Organization System – about standard knowledge organization for the web and semantic web, porting thesauri, classification schemes, taxonomies, glossaries, vocabularies, controlled vocabularies, terminology, terminologies, subject schemes, subject heading schemes, subject indexing, subject indexes, folksonomies, to the semantic web, semantically rich metadata, describing concepts, conceptual information, concept maps, semantic mapping, Knowledge Organization Systems, KOS, for the world wide web, using RDF the Resource Description Framework, complementing OWL the Web Ontology Language, integrating with XML Extensible Markup Language.
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This is a revised and extended version of an article that was originally written for the Encyclopedia of Artificial Intelligence, edited by Stuart C. Shapiro, Wiley, 1987, second edition, 1992.
A semantic network or net is a graphic notation for representing knowledge in patterns of interconnected nodes and arcs. Computer implementations of semantic networks were first developed for artificial intelligence and machine translation, but earlier versions have long been used in philosophy, psychology, and linguistics.
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John F. Sowa, Knowledge Representation: Logical, Philosophical, and Computational Foundations, Brooks Cole Publishing Co., Pacific Grove, CA, ©2000. Actual publication date, 16 August 1999.